Science Forums 2

[Michaelangelica]

We are fast running out of fresh water now for 4+B people.
What are the alternatives.
Where will future suplies come from for faming, industry and domestic use?

Quote:
Sydneysiders set a worthy example

WE HAVE followed The Age's letters with interest, having recently moved from Sydney.
People in Melbourne don't understand how to save water.
What's all this showering about?
Forget about washing your entire body; don't shower at all.
Hasn't anyone heard of a lavender sand bath?
A children's sand pit is perfect for this.

As for flushing the loo, just don't flush.
We've turned our water closet into an Australian native frog habitat.
And when you need to go to the toilet — the compost bin and lemon tree are a great replacement.
When the neighbours complain about the smell and flies, we reply: "Don't you know there's a drought?"

MORE AT
Audrey and the Bad Apples: Ooh...looks like rain kids. Go get your buckets.

Has anyone heard of the old CSIRO's inventions of "Memtec" and "Sirotherm"?

China Faces 'World's Worst Water Crisis'
(Reuters, Nov. 1, 2005) China is struggling to overcome what a minister called the world's worst water crisis caused by widespread drought, pollution, rapid economic growth and waste.

http://taiwansecurity.org/Reu/2005/Reuters-011105.htm

POPULATIONS OUTRUNNING WATER SUPPLY
AS WORLD HITS 6 BILLION

Lester R. Brown and Brian Halweil

As world population approaches 6 billion on October 12, water tables are falling on every continent, major rivers are drained dry before they reach the sea and millions of people lack enough water to satisfy basic needs.

Population Outrunning Water Supply as World Hits 6 Billion | Worldwatch Institute

The Connection: Water and Energy Security

The energy security of the United States is closely linked to the state of its water resources. No longer can water resources be taken for granted if the U.S.
Both are ways of making water from the sea or waste water.

The Connection: Water and Energy Security by Allan R. Hoffman


water > overview > freshwater: lifeblood of the planet

Freshwater: lifeblood of the planet
Posted: 17 Jun 2005

Freshwater is the liquid of life. Without it the planet would be a barren wasteland. The supply of water is finite, but demand is rising rapidly as population grows and as water use per capita increases. In an effort to spur action to meet the impending crisis, the UN General Assembly has proclaimed the period from 2005 to 2015 as the International Decade for Action, “Water for Life”. This began on World Water Day, 22 March 2005. It is badly needed.

Globally, between 12.5 and 14 billion cubic metres of water are available for human use on an annual basis. In 1989, this amount equaled about 9,000 cubic metres per person per year and by 2000 had dropped to around 7,800 cubic metres per person. In 2025 the amount of water per capita is expected to fall to 5,100 cubic metres per person as the world's population grows from 6 billion to over 8 billion.


Click here for a map showing the availability of freshwater in 2000

Even this amount would be enough to meet human needs, if freshwater were evenly distributed. But available freshwater supplies are not distributed evenly around the globe, throughout the seasons, or from year to year.

peopleandplanet.net > water > overview > freshwater: lifeblood of the planet

Major rivers, aquifers, wetlands and lakes are being drained to cope with expanding populations. Many large rivers now run dry before they reach the sea, as freshwater is diverted for agriculture and dams. Once-great rivers like the Yellow in China, the Ganges in India, the Nile in Egypt and the Colorado in the United States regularly dry up or clog up, with obvious consequences for human health, especially for people who depend intimately upon them for drinking water.

peopleandplanet.net > water > newsfile > 'blue revolution' needed to meet water needs

Tapping industrial ingenuity


AL FRY and WALTER RAST

assess the part that industry can play
in safeguarding water resources into
the next century




Industry currently accounts for only about one-fifth of human water use. Agriculture, by comparison, accounts for about two-thirds. But with industrial output projected to increase four- to five-fold before 2050, its freshwater requirements are also bound to increase.
. . .
However, the situation is now changing. By 2050, a total population of 8 to 10 billion will require more food, goods and services, all of which will require water. Some 2 to 4 billion more people than today will need water to drink, bathe and cook. As a result, in some places, water for industrial expansion may not be available at any price.

The world's water supply is constantly recycled in a solar-driven process of evaporation of water from rivers, lakes and the oceans, as well as from plants, and its subsequent precipitation back on to the Earth's surface. Rain, snow and sleet return about 45,000 cubic kilometres of freshwater per year, but the reality is that the world's freshwater supply is finite and relatively constant. Further, water is used and re-used many times by humans along many rivers before it flows back into the sea.

Tapping industrial ingenuity

1. How much water is available on earth and how much of this water is available for humans?

Approximately 1385 million cubic kilometres of water are available on earth. 97,5% of the water is salt water that can be found mainly in oceans. Only 2,5% is freshwater that can be used by plants, animals and humans. However, nearly 90% of this freshwater is not readily available, because it is centred in icecaps of the Antarctic. Only 0.26% of the water on this world is available for humans and other organisms, this is about 93.000 cubic kilometres. Only 0.014% of this water can be used for drinking water production, as most of it is stored in clouds or in the ground.
2. How much freshwater will be available for one person?

Increases in world population means increased water use and less availability on a per capita basis. In 1989 there was some 9,000 cubic metres of freshwater per person available for human use. By 2000, this had dropped to 7,800 cubic metres and it is expected to plummet to 5,100 cubic metres per person by 2025, when the global population is projected to reach 8 billion.
3. What is the total world annual consumption of potable water and seawater?

People already use over half the world's accessible freshwater now, and may use nearly three-quarters by 2025. Over the twentieth century, the world annual water use has grown from about 300 km3 to about 2,100 km3 (see chart)

Specific questions on water quantities

Water Now More Valuable Than Oil?
From Larry West,
Your Guide to Environmental Issues.
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Savvy Investors and Successful Companies are Turning Water Into Gold
The most valuable commodity in the world today, and likely to remain so for much of this century, is not oil, not natural gas, not even some type of renewable energy. It’s water—clean, safe, fresh water.

Follow the Money
When you want to spot emerging trends, always follow the money. Today, many of the world’s leading investors and most successful companies are making big bets on water.

Water Now More Valuable Than Oil?

Water Scarcity Could Affect Billions:
Is This the Biggest Crisis of All?
by Michael McCarthy


Glug-glug: Not normally a sound of foreboding. But mankind's most serious challenge in the 21st century might not be war or hunger or disease or even the collapse of civic order, a UN report says; it may be the lack of fresh water.

Population growth, pollution and climate change, all accelerating, are likely to combine to produce a drastic decline in water supply in the coming decades, according to the World Water Development Report, published today. And of course that supply is already problematic for up to a third of the world's population.

Water Scarcity Could Affect Billions: Is This the Biggest Crisis of All?

“Of all the social and natural crises we humans face, the water crisis is the one that lies at the heart of our survival and that of our planet Earth,” says UNESCO Director-General Koïchiro Matsuura.

“No region will be spared from the impact of this crisis which touches every facet of life, from the health of children to the ability of nations to secure food for their citizens,” says Mr Matsuura. “Water supplies are falling while the demand is dramatically growing at an unsustainable rate. Over the next 20 years, the average supply of water world-wide per person is expected to drop by a third.”

Despite widely available evidence of the crisis, political commitment to reverse these trends has been lacking. A string of international conferences over the past 25 years has focused on the great variety of water issues including ways to provide the basic water supply and sanitation services required in the years to come. Several targets have been set to improve water management but “hardly any”, says the report, “have been met.”

The UN World Water Development Report just released!: International Year of Freshwater 2003

Our world in 2050 has more than 20 cities with populations of more than 40 million, yet cannot supply fresh water or dispose of the sewage, for even a tenth of that number.

hackwriters.com - The World in 2050? - A future prediction revisited - Sam North