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Originally Posted by humility
Based on the fact that photons have been shown to go slower than C. I would assume that C is a mathematically derived ultimate velocity and that photons in a vacuum travel incredibly close to this velocity but don't ever actually reach this velocity because it's the speed limit of the universe according to the standard interpretation of relativity.
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No, this is incorrect. The speed of light is an observable limit. Photons travel at the speed of light because the are light ("light" in this sence being of any frequency in the electromasgnetic spectrum). No other particles except the graviton travel at the speed of light.
The rest of your question (about ultimate rest) I don't understand. What Einstein did was to show that there cannot be any place within our universe that is at rest except in a local frame (ie, a rock can rest on the ground but it is still travelling through space as a passenger of Earth, whirling around the Sun, orbiting the galaxy, etc).