A lot of what I'm getting is the comparison of effects between diesel and gasoline - which isn't what I'm looking for - as I live in a region where almost everyone uses gasoline. But maybe diesel is used more for some applications? (like
How Diesel Exhaust Affects Your Brain : Gas 2.0)
http://www.gwu.edu/~macche/EOHtutori...s/Gasoline.pdf is very interesting - it really shows how incomplete the data is at this point. It also seems to be on pure gasoline - I'd expect particulate matter pollution to be worse in exhaust gases.
Fil's Auto Corner: Gasoline FAQ is also interesting
Gasoline Fact Sheet : again, incomplete data
Cancer incidence in urban bus drivers and tramway employees: a retrospective cohort study -- Soll-Johanning et al. 55 (9): 594 -- Occupational and Environmental Medicine : Danish bus drivers have slightly increased cancer risks.
Of course the research on extended exposure to pollution (like PMs, ozone, etc) => adverse health effects is well documented. But hydrocarbons don't seem to be a major component of adverse health effects in background air pollution
Actually neurotoxicity may also be a concern on top of potential carcinogenicity.