This is interesting:
Dark Matter Halos as Bose-Einstein Condensates, Eckehard W. Mielke, Burkhard Fuchs, Franz E. Schunck (Submitted on 24 Aug 2006).
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Galactic dark matter is modelled by a scalar field in order to effectively modify Kepler's law without changing standard Newtonian gravity. In particular, a solvable toy model with a self-interaction U(Phi) borrowed from non-topological solitons produces already qualitatively correct rotation curves and scaling relations. Although relativistic effects in the halo are very small, we indicate corrections arising from the general relativistic formulation. Thereby, we can also probe the weak gravitational lensing of our soliton type halo. For cold scalar fields, it corresponds to a gravitationally confined Boson-Einstein condensate, but of galactic dimensions.
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And check this out:
Relativistic Gross-Pitaevskii equation and the cosmological Bose Einstein Condensation, Takeshi Fukuyama, Masahiro Morikawa (2005-2006)
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We do not know 96% of the total matter in the universe at present. In this paper, a cosmological model is proposed in which Dark Energy (DE) is identified as Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) of some boson field. Global cosmic acceleration caused by this BEC and multiple rapid collapses of BEC into black holes etc. (=Dark Matter (DM)) are examined based on the relativistic version of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We propose (a) a novel mechanism of inflation free from the slow-rolling condition, (b) a natural solution for the cosmic coincidence ('Why Now?') problem through the transition from DE into DM, (c) very early formation of highly non-linear objects such as black holes, which might trigger the first light as a form of quasars, and (d) log-z periodicity in the subsequent BEC collapsing time. All of these are based on the steady slow BEC process.
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This model too seems to support the contention that BEC is not a new state of matter, but one that exists in other parts of the universe:
Bose-Einstein Condensation, Dark Matter and Acoustic Peaks, F. Ferrer (Oxford U.), J. A. Grifols (Barcelona, Autonoma U. and IFAE) (2004-2005
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Scalar mediated interactions among baryons extend well above the Compton wavelength, when they are embedded in a Bose-Einstein condensate composed of the mediating particles. Indeed, this non-trivial environment results in an infinite-ranged interaction. We show that if the Dark Matter of the Universe is composed of such a condensate, the imprints of an interaction between baryonic and Dark Matter could be manifest as anomalies in the peak structure of the Cosmic Microwave Background.
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And finally:
Bose Einstein Condensation as Dark Energy and Dark Matter, Masako Nishiyama, Masa-aki Morita, Masahiro Morikawa (2004)
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We study a cosmological model in which the boson dark matter gradually condensates into dark energy. Negative pressure associated with the condensate yields the accelerated expansion of the Universe and the rapid collapse of the smallest scale fluctuations into many black holes, which become the seeds of the first galaxies. The cycle of gradual sedimentation and rapid collapse of condensate repeats many times and self-regularizes the ratio of dark energy and dark matter to be order one.
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It is the further study of these types of phenomena (e.g., BEC) that will lead to an increased understanding of how of matter in this cold universe have collected, grouped, interacted, changed, and evolved with time and temperature.
This is just the tip of the iceberg.
CC
