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I doubt you’ll ever get an exact answer to this question, because the conditions it describes are so unlikely to ever occur that it’s of little importance.
However, it’s not hard to arrive at a reasonable approximation. Rephrasing the question from speaking of average temperature, which is problematic to define and measure, to the temperature of a tropical island such as one of the Hawaiian islands, we can take the daytime high (about 30 C) and drop in temperature that normally occurs when the sun “turns off” there over roughly a 12 hour period each night (5 to 10 C) to reach an estimate of 72 to 36 hours (30•12÷5 to 30•12÷10). Noting that nearly all (99.978%) of the Earth’s power comes from the Sun (ie: Earth’s power budget), that there’s not much difference between 273 and 303 K, and that atmospheric heat travels much more slowly than the Earth rotates, we can reasonably ignore other sources of power, non-linear temperature effects, and day/night heat transfer for an approximation of this order. Because 30 to 0 C is within the normal range of temperatures on Earth, we can ignore the possibility of significant phase transition effects.
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Originally Posted by Flying Binghi
Seems an easy question of those with a complete understanding of climate
The question is not a climate question, because the sun being turned off or disappearing is not within the realm of reasonably likely climate-effecting occurrences. Though interesting and easy, it requires no knowledge of climate beyond the data above and assumptions above. In short, it can be answered by a simple and reasonable extension of empirical data.
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CraigD, it is a theoretical question to see if their is any real understanding of the Earths climate.
Your estimate is 72 to 36 hours ?
