Science Forums 2

[HydrogenBond]

I was not looking for final theories, right away. But rather I was trying to build thinking from scratch. The first approximation of a center of gravity, using inert matter, would form galaxies given enough time. All we need is a density discontinuity to act as a center of gravity. If we add the second approximation of an ideal gas, this is not a slam dunk. It comes down to mass density of the ideal gas, with the first galaxies needing to form early in the expansion of the universe or else the mass density would fall below the critical level. Such early galaxies have been observed, as the starting seed for higher atoms which changes the ideal gas into one that is not ideal. If you form oxygen and then water attractive force appear at higher temperature.

Things like black holes create a chicken or the egg paradox. If we start with a thin cloud of ideal gas, we need gravity to make the black holes, which will make the galaxy. To avoid this chicken or the egg paradox some black holes had to appear right out of the BB. We skip steps in logic to avoid the difficult questions if we use the first two approximations. But with the first approximation there is not any problem.

Belovelife added the variable needed for the third approximation. An ideal gas poses problems, unless the seed galaxies and stars formed early when density was high. The third approximation adds a phase change of the gas into liquid or solid to get rid of the ideal gas. Now we have something that is again closer to the first approximation. On the earth's surface, isolated hydrogen atoms are very rare. A lower energy configuration is H2 at ambient conditions.

If we cool toward absolute zero, we get liquid and solid H2 from H2 gas. These provide stable centers of gravity, with H2 no longer acting as an ideal gas. But you have the practical problem of solid H2 eventually melting and boiling if the pressure and temperature gets too high within a center of gravity. Eventually this will occur above a few degrees above absolute zero. Now we get the ideal gas problem again that will evacuate the center of gravity, unless the mass density was made high enough during the phase change of the third approximation. If you assume solid H2 boiling in the center of gravity, while other solid H2 is collapsing. due to the critical mass density, we get shear and circulations due to opposing directions. It forms eddies instead of easy escape.