Jay-Qu is quite correct about the heavier elements having come from stellar fusion.
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Originally Posted by spongehammer
In other words is it possible that certain elements could exist in the universe that we know nothing about?
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If you mean elements in the ordinary sense, a given Z value, quantum mechanics can show whether or not there can be a more or less stable nucleus. I don't know if anyone has tried working it out for very large Z values, like several hundred, and I don't think it's a simple calculation to perform. It is however not very plausible to think that stellar activity would produce elements very much heavier than the naturally occuring ones, there are various reasons for this and spectroscopy does tell astronomers which elements are present in significant quantities in stars, even very far ones.
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