___Well now, where we goin' with all these brilliant minds?

We have a similar thread here at Hypography which asks the open question "who of all scientists is..."; however, as the list Racoon gives here is from a book on the topic, we must logically constrain our pick to that list.
___So, from the list my pick & why. Allan Turring (one or both of us has mispelled Allans last name

) Allan's work set the entire concept of AI to its most reductable form, & in so doing also sets our "intelligence" into the same form. It remains the standard, i.e. the Turring Test. He is the only one of the group to give a satisfactory answer to the questions of "why"; why must it be this way? Simply because of the consequence of starting with unity.

Simply the best one.

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semantics is not always just pedantic quibbling. ~ douglas r. hofstadter