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Originally Posted by FREYA021
chiral atom is the one that has all R diferent. example, CR4 is chiral if R1,R2,R3,R4 r diferent. those atoms can be opticaly active... u must heard of D or L sugars... it has to do with chirality... 
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That is sloppy at best and plain wrong at worst. An isolated chiral tetrahedral carbon atom can certainly have four different groups. It can also have four rigorously identical groups, be undistorted, and still be chiral if it has point group T (not T_d or T_h) symmetry. An example is the central carbon in [6.6]chiralane,
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/chiral2.gif
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/chiral3.gif
Where is the "chiral atom" in a helicene? In a binaphthyl? In a
trans-cycloalkene?
Chirality is defined by symmetry - absence of an inversion point, mirror planes, and higher S_n axes of symmetry - not by substitution.
All isolated atoms are intrinsically homochiral via the Weak Interaction and neutral current (Z_0 exchange, nucleus to orbiting electrons). The effect is very weak even in the heaviest elements even with interaction strength scaling as (atomic weight)^4.
Mendeleev Commun. 13(3) 129 (2003)
http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~budker/PubList.html
Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(12) 2484 (1999)
Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(17) 3719 (1998)
Rep. Prog. Phys. 60(11) 1351 (1997)
Phys. Rev. A 52(3) 1895 (1995)
Am. J. Phys. 56 1086 (1988)
http://arXiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0207627
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