Pharmacogenetics Pharmacogenomics "Drug Testing"

[Michaelangelica]

Pharmacogenetics Pharmacogenomics

"Testing Drugs"
I am sure I/we had a thread on this before but now i can't find it.
I think this is a very important discovery and one that will have a profound effect on medicine and our health very soon.

Pharmacogenomics
The use of an individual's genetic profile to more accurately predict the safety, toxicity and efficacy of drugs - and ultimately to improve an individual's treatment and prognosis.

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Pharmacogenetics is the study of the genetic basis of drug response.1 Pharmacogenomics is a term which is often used interchangeably, but refers to pharmacogenetics plus genomics and proteomics.2
The recognition that most human drug responses are multifactorial has led to the realisation that personalised medicine implies a broad consideration of factors and thus has resulted in the frequent use of the broader term pharmacogenomics.3
Hence, this article will follow the convention of using the term “pharmacogenomic (PGX) tests” for testing that influences drug response

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Clinical Use of Pharmacogenomic Tests in 2009

Interindividual variability in xenobiotic metabolism and drug response is extensive. Genetic factors might be estimated to account for about 20-40 % of the interindividual differences in drug metabolism and response. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occur in 7 % of all hospitalised patients and fatal ADRs cause more than 100,000 deaths annually in the US.

http://ki.se/ki/jsp/polopoly.jsp?l=en&d=9785

Pharmacogenomics: One Size Does Not Fit All

A diagnostic test that can increase the clinical utility of a given therapeutic drug or procedure, while at the same time reducing the risks and costs associated with developing and marketing is a real synergy.
pharmacogenomics: the concept of combining a therapeutic intervention with a relevant diagnostic test.

Agenda — IIR

This article briefly reviews the evidence for the utilisation of pharmacogenomics for antidepressant drugs, tamoxifen, codeine, warfarin, azathioprine, clopidogrel, omeprazole, tacrolimus and irinotecan. There are few pharmacogenomics tests being carried out in practice, as there has not been a wide appreciation of their use, and only limited evidence exists for many individual drugs. It is expected that utilisation will increase as more evidence becomes available and there is a wider understanding of the existing evidence by the medical profession.

http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articlerender.cgi...tool=pmcentrez

Table 2
Examples of drugs where evidence has shown PGX testing to be beneficial.

http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articlerender.cgi...t2-cbr_30_2_55