well i've posted several things now on dark energy (maybe someone can assemble the posts?) but here the subject of negative pressure: (as always: i refer to the book of A. Liddle: 'An Introduction to modern cosmology")
(things between braces might be a bit technical; skip them if you wish)
In standard Cosmology ALL the matter in the universe is described as a fluid. This means that on the LARGE scale all our planets and stars and solar systems behave like the molecules in a fluid. (of course the interactions are completely different; in a fluid van der waals-bonds and collisions are important; in cosmology Gravity is the only relevant force)
As with the fluid, we can assign a density and a pressure to this 'cosmological' fluid. (note that this pressure doesn't produce any work; because the pressure is everywhere the same).
Now it turns out that all normal matter and radiation has a positive pressure. In a way this is equivalent to saying that normal matter has an attractive gravitational force. So slowing the expansion of the universe down.
But recent (1998 iirc) measurements showed that the expansion of the present day universe is not slowing down, but speeding up. The 'energy' esponsible for this speeding up is in general called 'dark energy'. And for the dark energy to have the desired properties; it should have a negative pressure.
many ideas on what this dark energy is exist: scalar fields; leaking gravity; Brane collisions.... In other posts i explain those things
NB in the normal -non cosmological- sense; Tormod's description of negative pressure is sufficient
Bo