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Re: analysis and topology
It isn't easy to explain exactly what topology and analysis are, in just a few words. They are pretty comlicated topics, meantime maybe you could do a bit of reading here:
Topology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mathematical analysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Strictly, calculus should be based on topology although it is usually taught in a more "quick'n'dirty" fashion (with all those epsilons and deltas) and calculus is the basics of analysis.
Differential equations (also essentially a topic of calculus) are relations between a function and its derivatives, usually a whole class of functions will be solutions to them. There are some basic kinds with well known solutions but it can be very hard to find solutions of other ones.
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