I need help to write a paper.

[arkain101]

I am writing a paper on a scientific theory.

For those of you who have not kept up with the other thread related to it, it is a theory of aboluste relativity. The theory defines relativity with absolute space.

This sound much stranger than it really is, however it follows the laws of physics and observable data as you will see in the paper.


I have not written a paper before and I do not know exactly how to go about it.

I would prefer to, in repsect of einstein and the vast use of his work, to follow his style of the paper.

The paper I am going to submit to the science community at large. Hopefully a journal would take it?

The theory is absolutely testable. One test may change science forever. Finally opening the doors to unified theory.

I will add the begginning rough draft in the next post.

[Tormod]

Moved to science projects.

[arkain101]

The Theory of Absolute Relativity

Introduction
This is a theory of relativity with a form of luminiferous aether of absolute rest. In this paper it is shown the possible flaw in the original testing for luminiferous aether in the famous Michelson-Morely experiment. Furthermore, it goes on to show all experimental data and laws of physics can still be obeyed by a form of absolute rest and luminiferous aether. Lastly the required apparatus to correctly test to show a form or lack of luminiferous aether.



Experimental Data
In the original Michelson-Morely experiment it was expected to have light wave results similar to that of sound waves or water waves. However, this is not the case in the operation of luminiferous aether. It must be considered that any wave of light must comply to the constant velocity of C in all frames of observation, most importantly the absolute rest frame of aether. It is possible to get two types of C depending on which technique you measure the speed of light, both still obey the constant of light to all observers (note: this is possible when we accept light that moves away from an observer can NOT be considered directly observable thus its values elude the observer, but will remain a value of C when measured after its return trip to that same observer). These two types are 1) The time it takes for light to reach a distant detector according to the observer(at light source). 2) The time it takes for light to travel a path and reflect back to the observer.

Let us look at the details behind the latter descriptions.

If you are not familiar with the Michelson-Morely experiment, Visit this link ( http://galileoandeinstein.physics.vi...ts/mmexpt6.htm ) to become familiar with the apparatus and experiment. This experiment was designed to measure a difference in arrival time for the two different paths of light.

The theory of absolute relativity hypothesises there will never be a difference in arrival times between the two different paths of light in an aether enviroment while the system is in motion through the aether, using the configuration in the past Michelson Morely experiment.

There are 5 images including four stages and a conclusion tablet of the Michelson-Morley Experiment.


The system is moving through the aether at a velocity of 0.1C.

Image 1. http://www3.telus.net/hill/MichExperiment.jpg
step 1:The light leaves the laser (light source) at 0.9C head on into the aether which is traveling 0.1C. This is in accordance with experimental data of wave mechanics. The aether is expected to create a wind effect that would differ the velocity of light moving 'upstream' as it were.

Image 2. http://www3.telus.net/hill/MichExperiment2.jpg
step 2:The light splits into the two perpendicular paths. The green arrow (we call A) remains going 0.9C, as the paths has been unchanged.
The red arrow (we call B) turns perpendicular to the aether and is now capable to travel at C or 1C, because it is not moving parrallel with the motion of the proposed aether.

Image 3. http://www3.telus.net/hill/MichExperiment3.jpg
step 3:The light reflects and returns to the center mirror. Historically it was not calculated that the light could measure beyond C relative to the apparatus. However, it is absolutely acceptable for the light to reach C relative to the aether on its return trip, thus creating a measurement 1.1C relative to the experiment system. Although, the apparatus observer must take into consideration its own velocity relative to the aether. As so we have;
Observer velocity 0.1C, Light velocity C. Thus the distance that is covered between observer and the light is 1.1C, although this does not affect the true velocity of the light, and all laws of physics are obeyed.

Image4. http://www3.telus.net/hill/MichExperiment4.jpg
The light waves turn on the final stretch to make there way to the detector, perpendicular to the aether at a velocity of 1C, at this point they have regained equal posistion (as will be seen in the table of image 5).
note: one arrow was crossed out to show that they have returned to one wave form again.

Image5. http://www3.telus.net/hill/MichExperiment5.jpg
This table shows the different velocities of the light relative the experiment system in each step. At the end of the trip the total velocity remains equal. I called this net velocity, however, it is the average velocity that is also equal. In the past they didnt expect aether to be able to function in a way to have light remain as a constant for observers. In the way I have shown, I hypothesis it can.

Here we see that in the past, the expectation of having light act like sound waves or water waves, was incorrect and the experiment would fail because of that. If light acted similar to sound waves it would not coincide with experimental evidence that C remains constant. However, as just previously described, when the source of light is can have a varying velocity of emition, it will agree with lights observed constant.


How is light able to exceed C relative to an inertial frame as it leaves 'downstream' into the aether?

Enter E=MC^2.

While obeying the law that nothing can exceed the speed of light, a moving object is predicted to be able to send light faster in the direction opposite of motion than it is in the direction of motion relative to the observer of that source. In doing so it obeys the law of light always traveling C, relative to the aether, which as mentioned, works into being constant for all observers in conventional return trip measurements.

It is due to this that an atom has the energy of the square of the velocity of light in a magnitude of the multiplication of its total mass.
In order to obey the constant of C in aether mechanics the atom must be capable to act in speeds beyond C relative to itself to match C relative to the aether. However, it is possible for an atom to act this way as said ealier:

(note: this is possible when we accept light that moves away from an observer can NOT be considered directly observable thus its values elude the observer, but will remain a value of C when measured after its return trip to that same observer).

How to correctly detect a form of aether.

In my understanding, if the Michelson-Morely Experiment was rearranged to only send light in a strait line from, source to a detector a detectable result would be possible, to prove and or correctly disprove a moving aether wind.

An example of the corrected appartus.
Note: light sources aimed in perpendicular angles

laser (light source 1a) to ------------> detector (1b) @ angle x

laser (light source) (2a) to ------------> detector (2b) @ angle y

The prediction of this theory is that the result would find:
- a difference in arrival time for the two light sources
- a difference in frequencies between the two lights (if their sources were identical
- a velocity of the aether

This is a general simple form of the experiment. If the light was capable to make a return trip the experiment would fail to show any change between the two light paths and light would be measured to be a constant of C. The light must make one path from A to B to detect any change.


Conclusion
It is possible for medium (aether) like universe to obey the laws of physics and create the same experimental observation that have been performed to test the theory of SR with space-time.


Support on this theory.

http://www.wbabin.net/physics/kingston.htm

A length of 20 meters for each arm should be adequate, since the experiment based on the Mossbauer effect using a gamma ray from iron-57 (‘Harvard Tower Experiment’ by Pound, Rebka, and Snyder) was able to show the difference in speed over a distance of about 22.6 meters, although the results were interpreted as a change of energy rather than speed.

The Mössbauer effect

http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/iss...02Adetunji.asp

With his hastily-constructed apparatus, Mössbauer recorded the recoilless nuclear resonance absorption of -rays by iridium-191 as a function of the linear (tangential) speed of the source.

apparatus image. - http://www.rsc.org/images/adetunji_j...cm18-36458.jpg

The angle of light source propogation in respect to space can directly affect the frequency emitted from a gas that is excited by the same light (energy) source.

[arkain101]

The theory hypothesises the reasoning for the following and predicts them in based on the foundation of postulates.

- explaination of E=MC^2 (how to reach this conclusion without previous equations)
- Time dilation
- Length contraction
- mass dilation
- gravity
- electromagnetic forces
- uncertainty principle
- quantum entanglement
- graviational lensing
- gravitational time dilation
- Constant of the speed of light
- Universal restriction of the C

A possible lead to unified theory.

[arkain101]

E=MC^2

Assume it requires an amount of energy from an atom to create a wave in the medium of a static space.

The ammount an object can contain is directly perpotional to its total mass.

Then we use the fact that when light IS made form an atom it must travel C in the static medium of space to obey the constant of light. Or let us say the atom will act in speeds up to C + C however it can only act in a velocity of C relative to the aether. We presume the aether has such properties that allow waves to be created a finite value, C, which is directly related to the permittivity permeability of that space. Which is exaclty how one can calcualte the value of C.

So an atom traveling through the static space at say 0.9C, it must send light out at 0.9C to obtain a value of 0C reltative to the aether, then it must also send out + C on top of that to reach a value of C relative to the aether of which we know is the constant speed of light.

Thus it is not the equation which dictates the energy in mass. It is the way in which mass and matter behaves in the permittivity permeability of the static space that results in an equation of C + C velocities.

Now to understand that when you are dealing with moving energy we use the equation Ke=1/2 (M *V^2)
This explains that the energy in a moving object is relative to the square of its velocity, due to inertia of the two objects that interact to transfer a value of kentitic energy.

So an atoms energy when interacting with the specific values of permittivity permeability of space it is capable to act in speeds of C in one direction relative to the aether and pseeds of C in the opposite direction relative to the aether. Thus the energy in an atom is C^2 mulplied by its mass. That is the theoretical amount of energy to be expelled.

Without any other equation, Energy contained in an atom must be equal to the square of the speed at which it can emmit that energy which is C, and its magnitude of capacity is directly related the total mass of that object.

[arkain101]

Aether was formed from sound wave mechanics.

In this form as we know velocity(light) to an observer is Velocity(light) = Velocity(source) + C, or V(l) = V(s) + C

Thus If the velocity source is 0.1C in reference to (static aether) and the light is traveling in the same direction as the source than we have this (relative to the observer of source)

Vl = (-0.1C) + C
Vl = 0.9C

Thus we continue using this equation for the light traveling in the opposite direction of the direction of travel of the source.

Vl = (0.1 C) + C
Vl = 1.1C


So in the MM experiment we have (away from source) path A 0.9C , (towards source) path b 1.1c, (perpendicular to source) path C, velocity 1C.

if the light was to be calculated to travel away, reflect, than return to source we have.

average of 1.1 + 0.9 = 2
thus 2/2 = 1 = 1C = C

As you can see the MM experiment would have detected NO change of the lights velocity whether there was aether or not.

Also notice that on return trip measurements of lights velocity over a distance, aether, or wave in a static medium, can obey the law of physics.

A postulate in the theory is that no light wave that moves away from a source is ever going to be directly detectable in that particular observation frame (reference frame) again. IT must reflect to be observed. ALthough it can be dected by a seperate frame (observer), known as the waves destination point.

[arkain101]

Quote:
That's all fine and good, but that's not the way the light was sent.

Incase you said the above, You are correct. It made one final pass perpendicular to the aether at a velocity of C relative to the source.

Thus we equate 1C which does not change the measurement.

Going head on into space

One path went;
0degrees forward at 0.9 C
through the mirror and onto path B at 0degrees at 0.9C
then reflected at 180 degrees at 1.1C (in order to maintain C in relativeness to space, with or without aether considerations, meaning alternatively space-time)
then on it turned 90degrees relative to the source and towards the detector at 1C.

Total velocity or let us say average= 0.9(step a) + 0.9(step b) + 1.1(step c) + 1(step d) = 4 = 4/4 = 1 C

However path B took a different course.
It traveled head on in proposed direction of travel at 0.9C, (step a)
then turned 90degrees relative to motion at 1 C (step a)
then reflected off that mirror and took another path at 1 C (step C)
finall passed through the last section of glass unscathed
and continued at 1C(step d)

0.9+1+1+1=3.9/4=0.975 (NOT C) uh oh?

we see that relative to the observer the light did not remain at C. That is fine, because this is the way sound wave like mechanics work and that was how the aether concepct was put together, which turned out to create errors in consistancy.

(NOTE: that if I could show the math we would include observer velocity .1 relative to the lights velocity of C to get a vector quanity that works out to finalizing the average as C.
eg. in simple form
a)0.9
b)1+0.1=1.1
c)1+0.1=1.1
d)1+0.1=1.1
average= 0.9+1.1+1.1+1.1=4.2/4=1.05
however I did not input the actual vector velocity relative to the observer, since that requires math skills I am not prepaired to begin at the moment)

I think it goes V= ai + bj + ck but anyway.


However, when we look at the velocity relative to the aether (static medium) through all paths we get.

path A
step:
a)0.9 + 0.1 = 1
b)1.1 - 0.1 = 1
c)1
d)1
we see in path A of light it remained C at all times relative to the aether, and C relative to the observer (when it returned)

path B:
a)0.9 + 0.1 = 1
b)1
c)1
d)1
We see that relative to the aether the light traveled at 1 C in path B (constant)
and relative to the observer (or light source)

observer
a)0.9 + 0.1 = 1
b)1
c)1
d)1

to futher explain how we get a)0.9 + 0.1 = 1 , it is what the observer must comprehend in single (non reflected) pathways of light.

Doing so we have not broke the constant speed of light.


Now finally.

we set up this experiment apparatus in this configureation:

An example of the corrected appartus.
Note: light sources aimed in perpendicular angles

laser (light source 1a) to ------------> detector (1b) @ angle x

laser (light source) (2a) to ------------> detector (2b) @ angle y

The light is measured in no reflected paths from source to detector (which are at rest relative to eachother.

Thus if there IS aether, and there IS motion of aether through that (static space) aether, then a change in the speed of the light will be found in one of the direction the light was sent, which one depends on which direction of travel is being made by the apparatus.
note:distance for each indivudal path of light must remain perfectly consistant, since the measurement is detecting Distance/time to determine light velocity relative to the source and detector.

Lastly,
what is desired to be found is (theory disproven)
or
velocity of light in singular paths.
speed of earth through the aether
absolute rest space.
aether's existence.
a difference in arrival times for light over equal distances with different directions of travel.

[arkain101]

Okay, lets try this.

Anyone know where I can find Einstiens 1905 paper on SR??

[Jay-qu]

nope

If its not on the net then its bound to be at a library..

[arkain101]

someone had it linked on here. I tried to find it..